MENTAL DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
PANIC DISORDER
Has the presence of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 month of persistent worry about having another panic attack. The characteristic symptoms of a panic attack are: palpitations or tachycardia, sweating, trembling or shaking, feeling short of breath or suffocation, choking sensations, chest pain or discomfort, nausea or abdominal distress, feeling dizzy, unsteadiness, lightheadedness or fainting, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, and chills or heat waves.
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
Is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific, feared object or situation, often leading to avoidance behaviour.
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER (SOCIAL PHOBIA)
Is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to certain types of social or performance situations in which the individual is exposed to strangers or to possible scrutiny by others, often leading to avoidance behaviour.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
Is characterized by obsessions (which cause marked anxiety or distress) and/or compulsions (which serve to neutralize anxiety). Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. Obsessions or compulsions cause marked distress, are time-consuming, or significantly interfere with the individual's usual routine, occupational functioning, activities, or social relationships.
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Is characterized by the reliving of an extremely traumatic event, accompanied by symptoms of heightened reaction and avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma.
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
Is characterized by at least 6 months of excessive and persistent anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities. The main symptoms are restlessness or feeling of being on edge, fatigability, difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning or other important areas of the individual's life.
EATING DISORDERS
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Includes restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. There is an intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight, and a disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Includes recurrent episodes of binge eating and recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise. The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
BINGE-EATING DISORDER
Includes recurrent episodes of binge eating. Recurrent episodes of eating, in a discrete period of time (within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time under similar circumstances. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episodes. The binge-eating episodes are associated with three or more of the following: eating much more rapidly than normal, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry, feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or guilty after overeating. The episodes occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months.
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
INATTENTION
Six (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities: fails to give close attention to details, has difficulty sustaining attention, does not seem to listen, does not follow through on instructions, has difficulty organizing tasks, avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort, loses things, is easily distracted, is forgetful in daily activities.
HYPERACTIVITY AND IMPULSIVITY
Six (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities: often fidgets, leaves seat, runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate, unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly, "on the go," talks excessively, blurts out an answer, has difficulty waiting his or her turn, interrupts or intrudes on others.
MOOD DISORDERS
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Is characterized by a depressed mood most of the day, diminished interest or pleasure in all or most activities, weight loss or weight gain as well as loss or increased appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, excessive or inadequate feelings of worthlessness or guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, or a specific plan to commit suicide. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning or other important areas of the individual's life.
PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (DYSTHYMIA)
Is characterized by a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years. The main symptoms are poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. During those 2 years, the subject has never been symptom-free for more than 2 months.
BIPOLAR I DISORDER
Is characterized by manic and depressive episodes. Among the manic episodes, we find the symptoms of abnormal elevated, expansive or irritable mood, inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. The mood disturbance is severe enough to cause marked impairment in occupational functioning, social activities, or customary relationships with others.
BIPOLAR II DISORDER
Is characterized by the presence of a major depressive episode, and a hypomanic episode. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning or in other important areas of the person's life.
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
Is characterized by a minimum 2-year period with multiple occurrences of hypomanic and depressive episodes. During those 2 years, the individual was not symptom-free for more than 2 consecutive months.
SCHIZOPHRENIA
CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition). For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, there is failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational functioning).